pulmonary function
In this section you need to know the following;
Mechanics of breathing
Lung volumes and capacities and interpretations from spirometer readings regarding rest and exercise
Gas exchange systems at alveoli and muscles
Principles of diffusion, partial pressures, difference in oxygen and carbon dioxide content between alveolar air and pulmonary
blood
Role of blood carbon dioxide in changing breathing rate.
Mechanics of breathing
Lung volumes and capacities and interpretations from spirometer readings regarding rest and exercise
Gas exchange systems at alveoli and muscles
Principles of diffusion, partial pressures, difference in oxygen and carbon dioxide content between alveolar air and pulmonary
blood
Role of blood carbon dioxide in changing breathing rate.
mechanics of breathing
You need to read the question in this section as it is easy to get confused as to what the question is asking.
Mechanics of breathing means tell the examiner what is physically happening when you breath in or out.
put your hands on your rib cage and breath in and out deeply and try to describe what is happening using the key words;
diaphragm, intercostal muscles, ribs, volume inside lungs, air pressure inside lungs and where does the air go!
As it is PE they will often ask about rest and then what happens when we exercise- be careful to learn the skeletal muscles recruited and their spellings! Don't forget to mention that breathing becomes deeper and faster.
Click here for Mechanics of Breathing clip
Mechanics of breathing means tell the examiner what is physically happening when you breath in or out.
put your hands on your rib cage and breath in and out deeply and try to describe what is happening using the key words;
diaphragm, intercostal muscles, ribs, volume inside lungs, air pressure inside lungs and where does the air go!
As it is PE they will often ask about rest and then what happens when we exercise- be careful to learn the skeletal muscles recruited and their spellings! Don't forget to mention that breathing becomes deeper and faster.
Click here for Mechanics of Breathing clip
Mechanics of Breathing PP | |
File Size: | 730 kb |
File Type: | pptx |
KEY WORDS
Inspiration, Expiration, Diaphragm, Intercostals, Air Pressure, Chest Cavity, Rib Cage, Sternocleidomastoid, Scalene, Pectorals, Abdominals, Latissimus Dorsi.
Inspiration, Expiration, Diaphragm, Intercostals, Air Pressure, Chest Cavity, Rib Cage, Sternocleidomastoid, Scalene, Pectorals, Abdominals, Latissimus Dorsi.
lung volumes & capacities
This type of question can be presented in a number of ways. It can be in a written format, fill in a table or label a spirometer trace.
Questions often ask you to identify inspiratory and expiratory lung volumes and tidal volume.
You need to know what happens to Tidal Volume during exercise and be able to describe this in words AND draw it on a spirometer trace.
Click here for a clip on Spirometer traces
Questions often ask you to identify inspiratory and expiratory lung volumes and tidal volume.
You need to know what happens to Tidal Volume during exercise and be able to describe this in words AND draw it on a spirometer trace.
Click here for a clip on Spirometer traces
Lung Volumes & Capacities | |
File Size: | 575 kb |
File Type: | ppt |
Spirometer Trace | |
File Size: | 52 kb |
File Type: | doc |
Effects of Training Document | |
File Size: | 81 kb |
File Type: | docx |
KEY WORDS
Spirometer Trace, Inspiratory Reserve Volume, Expiratory Reserve Volume, Tidal Volume, Minute Ventilation, Total Lung Capacity, Vital Capacity, Peaks.
Spirometer Trace, Inspiratory Reserve Volume, Expiratory Reserve Volume, Tidal Volume, Minute Ventilation, Total Lung Capacity, Vital Capacity, Peaks.
Gaseous exchange
You must read the question with this topic as they will ask you about one of two sites-Lungs or Muscle; many students often end up talking about the muscle site when its asking about the lungs!
Exam technique is also very important here. Many students often remember the correct key words but fail to tell the examiner what gas moves where. This is vital for both Oxygen AND Carbon dioxide to get full marks.
Again questions based at the muscle site will often ask about the effects of exercise. Remember more oxygen is used up and more carbon dioxide is produced creating a bigger diffusion gradient and therefore faster rate of diffusion.
Exam technique is also very important here. Many students often remember the correct key words but fail to tell the examiner what gas moves where. This is vital for both Oxygen AND Carbon dioxide to get full marks.
Again questions based at the muscle site will often ask about the effects of exercise. Remember more oxygen is used up and more carbon dioxide is produced creating a bigger diffusion gradient and therefore faster rate of diffusion.
Gaseous Exchange PP | |
File Size: | 644 kb |
File Type: | ppt |
why_is_diffusion_at_the_lungs_so_effective.docx | |
File Size: | 27 kb |
File Type: | docx |
KEY WORDS
Partial Pressures, Diffusion Gradient, Concentration, Semi Permeable Membrane, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Alveoli, Muscle, Rest, Exercise, Blood Capillary, Myoglobin.
Partial Pressures, Diffusion Gradient, Concentration, Semi Permeable Membrane, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Alveoli, Muscle, Rest, Exercise, Blood Capillary, Myoglobin.
role of carbon dioxide
Questions here often ask what is the role of CO2 in changing breathing rate, or how does the body allow the performer to keep up with the demands of the game.
You must read the question here as they may also ask the role of CO2 in changing HEART RATE so be sure of the topic being tested.
The storey starts the same in both cases but changes once the signal reaches the Medulla. For this topic remember it is the RESPIRATORY CONTROL CENTRE that stimulates breathing muscles.
You could also get asked about what makes gaseous exchange effective at the lungs- so think about the structure of the alveoli that make it suitable.
Don't forget to revise the ways in which Carbon Dioxide can be transported too!
Click here for a clip on role of carbon dioxide
You must read the question here as they may also ask the role of CO2 in changing HEART RATE so be sure of the topic being tested.
The storey starts the same in both cases but changes once the signal reaches the Medulla. For this topic remember it is the RESPIRATORY CONTROL CENTRE that stimulates breathing muscles.
You could also get asked about what makes gaseous exchange effective at the lungs- so think about the structure of the alveoli that make it suitable.
Don't forget to revise the ways in which Carbon Dioxide can be transported too!
Click here for a clip on role of carbon dioxide
control_of_breathing_and_role_of_carbon_dioxide.pptx | |
File Size: | 970 kb |
File Type: | pptx |
KEY WORDS
Chemoreceptors, pH, Medulla, Respiratory Control Centre, Sympathetic Nervous System, Breathing Muscles, Rate, Depth.
Chemoreceptors, pH, Medulla, Respiratory Control Centre, Sympathetic Nervous System, Breathing Muscles, Rate, Depth.
exam questions
pulmonary_function.docx | |
File Size: | 21 kb |
File Type: | docx |