group success
In this section you need to know the following;
–Group formation and dynamics,
-Carron’s antecedents
– Factors affecting cohesion – co-operation and co-ordination
– Task and social cohesion
–Steiner’s model of potential and actual productivity, faulty group processes, strategies to overcome faulty processes
– Ringlemann effect and social loafing
– Strategies to overcome social loafing.
–Group formation and dynamics,
-Carron’s antecedents
– Factors affecting cohesion – co-operation and co-ordination
– Task and social cohesion
–Steiner’s model of potential and actual productivity, faulty group processes, strategies to overcome faulty processes
– Ringlemann effect and social loafing
– Strategies to overcome social loafing.
groups
In this section you need to know the definition of a group;
'Groups are those social aggregates that involve mutual awareness and the potential for interaction' (McGrath)
It is also useful to know a few characteristics that make a group different from just a collection of individuals;
Collective identity, shared norms, common goals, task and social cohesion and the efforts of one affect the other.
And the four stages of group formation
Remember that a group can always regress a stage and it is a dynamic process- always changing and evolving
'Groups are those social aggregates that involve mutual awareness and the potential for interaction' (McGrath)
It is also useful to know a few characteristics that make a group different from just a collection of individuals;
Collective identity, shared norms, common goals, task and social cohesion and the efforts of one affect the other.
And the four stages of group formation
- Forming- Familiarisation, find roles, do they belong? Get to know each other.
- Storming- Cliques start to form, leader challenged, open hostility, team may fail.
- Norming- Instability disappears, some cohesion, common goal recognised, respect and leaders emerge.
- Performing-Member identify with the team and are aware of each others roles, contribute to success and start to work as a unit.
Remember that a group can always regress a stage and it is a dynamic process- always changing and evolving
group_dynamics_and_sporting_performance.ppt | |
File Size: | 707 kb |
File Type: | ppt |
groups_article.docx | |
File Size: | 3798 kb |
File Type: | docx |
cohesion_new.pptx | |
File Size: | 735 kb |
File Type: | pptx |
steiners model of group productivity (team success)
Steiner suggested that you could account for a groups productivity using a simple equation. You need to be able to explain this equation and suggest ways to overcome faulty processes.
Actual Productivity= Potential Productivity - Faulty processes
Faulty process can be split into Motivational losses (Social Loafing/ Ringlemann Effect) and Coordination losses (Tactics/Set Plays go wrong)
Actual Productivity= Potential Productivity - Faulty processes
Faulty process can be split into Motivational losses (Social Loafing/ Ringlemann Effect) and Coordination losses (Tactics/Set Plays go wrong)
social loafing & Ringlemann Effect
Ringlemann suggested that as the size of a group increases, the productivity of each team member decreases. This can be a problem in large teams such as football.
The players begin to Socially Loaf. This means that they do not put in effort within the team/ they hide within the team because they think their efforts will not change the result. Performers may do this for a number of reasons. Such as ;They think their effort will not make a difference, they try and never get acknowledged, others are not trying so why should they.
Reformative questions will ask how you can minimise social loafing or 'faulty processes. The latter question requires you to understand the differences between motivational and coordination losses.
Some ways to reduce Loafing;
The players begin to Socially Loaf. This means that they do not put in effort within the team/ they hide within the team because they think their efforts will not change the result. Performers may do this for a number of reasons. Such as ;They think their effort will not make a difference, they try and never get acknowledged, others are not trying so why should they.
Reformative questions will ask how you can minimise social loafing or 'faulty processes. The latter question requires you to understand the differences between motivational and coordination losses.
Some ways to reduce Loafing;
- Highlighting individual performances
- Monitoring individuals with feedback
- Using positive reinforcement when possible
- Rewards
- Promoting task cohesion within the team
- Setting individual goals
- Effective captain
social_loafing_2.docx | |
File Size: | 906 kb |
File Type: | docx |
Cohesion
Cohesion is what keeps a groups together and can ultimately prevent coordination and motivational losses.
'The degree to which members of a group exhibit a desire to achieve a common goal.
Two types of cohesion;
Task; The pursuit of a common goal ie to win the league
There has been a question asking why Task cohesion is vital for success in any game;
Players need to be able to interact effectively/ good communication, understand own role/other’s role, poor cohesion can be classed as a faulty process, good task cohesion can help social cohesion and task cohesion is more important than social cohesion
Social; The degree to which the team get on socially- do they like each other?
Task is more important than social, however the strongest teams have both high task AND social cohesion.
Various factors affect Cohesion of a group;
Size of group, communication between groups, type of sport (Team/ individual) and time spent together.
You will also need to be able to explain Carrons' model. Carron (with a 'C'!) proposed that there were 4 antecedents (factors) that contributed to a groups' success.
You need to be able to explain each one.
Environmental Factors; Situation of the group/size/time/facilities/ages.
Personal Factors; Members ability/satisfaction/motivation/ability.
Leadership Factors; Preferred style/ behaviour of group/personality/relationship.
Team Factors; Task/stability/ability/shared experience.
Reformative questions will ask you to suggest ways in which you can promote team cohesion;
'The degree to which members of a group exhibit a desire to achieve a common goal.
Two types of cohesion;
Task; The pursuit of a common goal ie to win the league
There has been a question asking why Task cohesion is vital for success in any game;
Players need to be able to interact effectively/ good communication, understand own role/other’s role, poor cohesion can be classed as a faulty process, good task cohesion can help social cohesion and task cohesion is more important than social cohesion
Social; The degree to which the team get on socially- do they like each other?
Task is more important than social, however the strongest teams have both high task AND social cohesion.
Various factors affect Cohesion of a group;
Size of group, communication between groups, type of sport (Team/ individual) and time spent together.
You will also need to be able to explain Carrons' model. Carron (with a 'C'!) proposed that there were 4 antecedents (factors) that contributed to a groups' success.
You need to be able to explain each one.
Environmental Factors; Situation of the group/size/time/facilities/ages.
Personal Factors; Members ability/satisfaction/motivation/ability.
Leadership Factors; Preferred style/ behaviour of group/personality/relationship.
Team Factors; Task/stability/ability/shared experience.
Reformative questions will ask you to suggest ways in which you can promote team cohesion;
- Encourage group identity (matching tracksuit)
- Clear tactics- help with coordination
- Get to know players well
- Develop team goals
- Develop motivational strategies
- Role clarity
- Provide rewards
- Hold team meetings to resolve disputes
cohesion_and_steiner.ppt | |
File Size: | 1075 kb |
File Type: | ppt |
KEY WORDS
Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Actual productivity, Potential productivity, Faulty processes, Motivational losses, Coordination losses, Social loafing, Ringlemann Effect, Cohesion, Task, Social, Antecedents.
Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Actual productivity, Potential productivity, Faulty processes, Motivational losses, Coordination losses, Social loafing, Ringlemann Effect, Cohesion, Task, Social, Antecedents.
past paper questions
cohesion_14_marker.docx | |
File Size: | 14 kb |
File Type: | docx |
groups_and_cohesion_questions.docx | |
File Size: | 16 kb |
File Type: | docx |
Quiz
group_dynamics_socrative_quiz.pdf | |
File Size: | 47 kb |
File Type: |